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[[File:HB logo (Jetsons The Movie).png|thumb|300px|The "Swirling Star" logo used for ''[[Jetsons: The Movie]]'' in [[1990]].]]
{{Infobox company
'''Hanna-Barbera''' was an animation studio founded in [[1957]] by [[Joseph Barbera]] and [[William Hanna]], with financial backing by film director [[George Sidney]]. Sidney formed a friendship with Barbera and Hanna when they worked at [[MGM]] as animation directors during the [[1940s]], and when MGM's animation department closed down, Sidney helped form a deal with [[Screen Gems]], the television arm of [[Columbia Pictures]], which led to the creation of Hanna-Barbera. In the [[1990s]], it also gained its own spin-off studio with [[Cartoon Network Studios]], which become its own full-fledged studio when Hanna-Barbera was dismantled.
|image= [[File:HB logo (Jetsons The Movie).png|300px]]
|caption= The "Swirling Star" logo used for ''[[Jetsons: The Movie (film)|Jetsons: The Movie]]'' in [[1990]].
|formerly= H-B Enterprises, Inc. ([[1957]]–[[1959]])<br>Hanna-Barbera Productions, Inc. (1959–[[1991]])<br>Hanna-Barbera, Inc. (1991–[[1992]])<br>H-B Production Co. (1992–[[1993]])<br>Hanna-Barbera Cartoons, Inc. (1993–[[2001]])
|type= In-name-only unit of [[Warner Bros.]]
|industry= Film<br>Animation<br>Television
|predecessor= [[MGM Cartoons]]
|founded= [[July 7]], 1957
|founder= [[William Hanna]]<br>[[Joseph Barbera]]<br>[[George Sydney]]
|defunct= [[March 12]], 2001
|fate= Absorbed into [[Warner Bros. Animation]]
|successor= '''Studio:'''<br>[[Cartoon Network Studios]]<br>[[Hanna-Barbera Studios Europe]]<br>Warner Bros. Animation<br>'''Library:'''<br>[[Warner Bros. Television Studios]]<br><small>(through Warner Bros. Animation)<br>(except licensed properties)</small>
|headquarters=
Kling Studios, Hollywood, California, U.S. (1957–[[1960]])<br>Cahuenga Boulevard, Los Angeles, California, U.S. (1960–1998)<br>Sherman Oaks Galleria, Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles, California, U.S. ([[1998]]–2001)
|owner= [[Screen Gems|Screen Gems Television]] (18%, 1957–[[1966]])<br>[[Taft Broadcasting]] ([[1966]]–[[1987]])<br>[[Great American Broadcasting]] (1987–1991)
[[Turner Broadcasting System]] (50%, 1991–1993; whole, 1993–[[1996]])<br>Apollo Global (50%, 1991–1993)<br>[[WarnerMedia|Time Warner/AOL Time Warner]] (1996–2001)
|parent= Taft Broadcasting (1966–1987)<br>Great American Broadcasting (1987–1991)<br>[[Turner Entertainment Co.]] (1991–1996)<br>Warner Bros. Animation (1996–2001)
|division= [[Hanna-Barbera Australia]] ([[1972]]-[[1989]])<br>[[Wang Film Productions]] (50%, [[1978]]–[[1990s]])<br>Cartoon Network Studios
}}
'''Hanna-Barbera''' was an animation studio and production company founded in [[1957]] by [[William Hanna]] and [[Joseph Barbera]],<ref name="Britannica">[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hanna-and-Barbera "Hanna and Barbera"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Britannica.com. Retrieved November 8, 2023.</ref> with financial backing by film director [[George Sidney]].  
Prior to its founding, Hanna and Barbera were business partners at [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] (MGM) during the [[1940s]] to [[1950s]], where they both served as the creators, directors and eventual producers of the ''[[Tom and Jerry (theatrical shorts)|Tom and Jerry]]'' theatrical animated shorts. When MGM's in-house animation department was shut down in 1957, Sydney—who previously formed a friendship with the two when they worked at MGM—helped form a deal with the producers at [[Screen Gems]],<ref name="Hanna Autobiography">[[William Hanna|Hanna, William]], Ito, Tom ([[1999]]). ''[[A Cast of Friends]]''. New York: Da Capo Press. 0306-80917-6. Pg. 81–83.</ref> the television arm of [[Columbia Pictures]]. After Hanna-Barbera was created, it became one of the first and most successful animation studios to produce exclusively for television.


Hanna-Barbera had never been an independent studio, always having been a subsidiary of another company. In [[1966]], Hanna-Barbera was sold to [[Great American Broadcasting|Taft Broadcasting]] (later known as Great American Broadcasting), until [[1991]] when it was bought by [[Turner Entertainment Company]]. It was finally bought by [[Time Warner]] when it merged with Turner in [[1996]], where it remains today, although only as a brand name. The studio continued to operate until [[2002]], when it was finally shut down after Hanna died, with [[Warner Bros. Animation]] officially taking over. It remains as an in-name-only subsidiary of Warner Bros.
In its heydey, the company produced many successful animated television series such as ''[[The Huckleberry Hound Show]]'', ''[[The Flintstones (TV series)|The Flintstones]]'', ''[[The Yogi Bear Show]]'', ''[[Top Cat (TV series)|Top Cat]]'', ''[[The Jetsons (TV series)|The Jetsons]]'', ''[[Jonny Quest (TV series)|Jonny Quest]]'', ''[[Wacky Races (1968 TV series)|Wacky Races]]'', ''[[Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! (TV series)|Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!]]'', and ''[[The Smurfs]]''.<ref>Holz, Jo (2017). ''Kids' TV Grows Up: The Path from Howdy Doody to SpongeBob''. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. pp. 81–85, 124–126. ISBN 978-1-4766-6874-1. Retrieved [[November 8]], [[2023]].</ref> Hanna-Barbera also gained a record-breaking eight Emmy Awards<ref>[https://www.allmovie.com/artist/william-hanna-p93352 "William Hanna – Awards"] AllMovie. Retrieved November 8, 2023.</ref> while they produced numerous feature-length movies and specials.


Hanna-Barbera worked as an in-house studio until the beginning of the [[1970s]] when they outsourced to [[Australia]] (which eventually led to its own independent off-shoot known as [[Hanna-Barbera Australia]] until the late [[1980s|'80s]]), and then to South Korea by the end of the '70s. They also used other animation outlets in [[Spain]] and the Philippines in the '80s.
Hanna-Barbera worked as an in-house studio until the beginning of the [[1970s]] when they outsourced to [[Australia]] (which eventually led to its own independent off-shoot known as [[Hanna-Barbera Australia]] until the late [[1980s]]), and then to South Korea by the end of the 1970s. They also used other animation outlets in [[Spain]] and the Philippines in the 1980s.


In [[2021]], Cartoon Network Studios Europe rebranded itself as [[Hanna-Barbera Studios Europe]].
Hanna-Barbera had never been an independent studio, always having been a subsidiary of another company. In [[1966]], Hanna-Barbera was sold to [[Great American Broadcasting|Taft Broadcasting]] (later known as Great American Broadcasting), until [[1991]] when it was bought by [[Turner Broadcasting System]]. It was finally bought by [[Time Warner]] when it merged with Turner in [[1996]], where it remains today; although only as a brand name. The studio continued to operate as a standalone company until [[2001]], when it was shut down ten days before Hanna died. It was eventually folded into [[Warner Bros. Animation]], as an in-name-only subsidiary of [[Warner Bros.]]
 
In the [[1990s]], Hanna-Barbera gained its own spin-off studio with [[Cartoon Network Studios]], which become its own full-fledged studio when Hanna-Barbera was dismantled. In [[2021]], Cartoon Network Studios Europe rebranded itself as [[Hanna-Barbera Studios Europe]].


==History==
==History==
===Early Beginnings===
[[William Hanna|William Denby "Bill" Hanna]] and [[Joseph Barbera |Joseph Roland "Joe" Barbera]] began their partnership when they first met at [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] in 1937. Having previous experience in the animation industry since the early 1930s, they worked at MGM's animation department and solidified themselves as workmates for the next six decades. From [[1940]] to until [[1957]], they both created and worked on the ''[[Tom and Jerry (theatrical shorts)|Tom and Jerry]]'' series of theatrical cartoons, centering on the madcap exploits of a cat named [[Tom Cat|Tom]] and a mouse named [[Jerry Mouse|Jerry]]. Hanna supervised in the animation while Barbera did the stories in pre-production.
''Tom and Jerry'' was MGM's most valuable animated property, with the cartoons themselves being substantially successful at the box office. It additionally earned thirteen Academy Award nominations for Short Subjects (Cartoons), with seven of each ''Tom and Jerry'' cartoon winning such:<ref name="Britannica" /> ''[[The Yankee Doodle Mouse]]'' ([[1943]]), ''[[Mouse Trouble]]'' ([[1944]]), ''[[Quiet Please!]]'' ([[1945]]), ''[[The Cat Concerto]]'' (''[[1947]]''), ''[[The Little Orphan]]'' ([[1949]]), ''[[The Two Mouseketeers]]'' ([[1952]]) and ''[[Johann Mouse]]'' ([[1953]]). Despite this, the producer of MGM's cartoon division, [[Fred Quimby]], received the awards instead of Hanna and Barbera.
Following Quimby's departure in [[1955]], Hanna and Barbera assumed his position and became co-heads of the MGM cartoon studio, and took over sole production of their ''Tom and Jerry'' series. Additionally, the duo directed and produced the short-lived ''[[Spike and Tyke]]'' cartoons, which ran for two shorts, and supervised in the last seven cartoons [[Tex Avery]] directed for the ''[[Droopy (theatrical shorts)|Droopy]]'' series. They also did work on other projects, including the animated title sequences and commercials for ''[[wikipedia:I Love Lucy|I Love Lucy]]''.<ref name="Joe Barbera Interview">Barbera, Joseph ([[February 26]], [[1997]]). [https://interviews.televisionacademy.com/interviews/joseph-barbera "Leonard Maltin interviews Joseph Barbera"]. ''Television Academy Foundation''. Retrieved [[February 13]], [[2024]].</ref> Although they were fairly successful, MGM assumed that re-releasing cartoons was profitable, which eventually resulted in the closure of their animation unit on [[May 15]], 1957.<ref name="Hollywood Cartoons">Barrier, Michael ([[2003]]). ''Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age''. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1980-2079-0.</ref> In the meantime during the studio's last year, both men had developed a concept for television, centering on a cat and dog duo, which would later become ''[[The Ruff and Reddy Show]]''.<ref name="Hollywood Cartoons" />
Director [[George Sidney]], who had worked with Hanna and Barbera on several of his movies for MGM (such as in a sequence for [[1945]] the film ''Anchors Away'', where Jerry interacted with Gene Kelly's character), became their business partner for the formation of their new animation studio. When the two men failed to convince MGM to back their then-upcoming studio, Sidney arranged to have them meet the executives at [[Screen Gems]], who showed interest to their potential.<ref name="Hollywood Cartoons" /> Harry Cohn, president and head of Columbia Pictures, took an 18% ownership to the studio and provided working capital.<ref name="Hanna Autobiography" />
On [[July 7]], 1957, '''H-B Enterprises''' was founded in rented offices on the lot of Kling Studios at [[Hollywood]] (formerly [[wikipedia:Jim Henson Company Lot#Charlie_Chaplin (1919–1952)|Charlie Chaplin Studios]]),<ref name="Joe Barbera Interview" /> with Screen Gems becoming its new distributor and licensing agent; effectively handling merchandizing for the studio's animated characters.<ref>Rogers, Lawrence H. (2000). [https://books.google.com/books?=U58P6s4mx3cC&pg=PA445&dq=taft+broadcasting+hanna+barbera&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ZfiPUZz-BcONygHFmIHQBQ&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=taft%20broadcasting%20hanna%20barbera&f=false ''History of U. S. Television: A Personal Reminiscence'']. Bloomington. IN. USA: AuthorHouse. pg. 444-447.</ref> Sydney and several Screen Gems alumni became members of the studio's board of directors, and the most of the former MGM cartoon staff – which included layout artists [[Richard Bickenbach]] and [[Ed Benedict]] and animators [[Carlo Vinci]], [[Kenneth Muse]], [[Lewis Marshall]], [[Michael Lah]] and [[Ed Barge]] – became members at the new studio.<ref name="Hanna Autobiography" /> [[Hoyt Curtin]], whom Hanna and Barbera first met after he composed a Schlitz beer commercial,<ref>[http://www.classicjq.com/info/HoytCurtinInterview.aspx Gary Karpinski - email interview with Hoyt Curtin, 1999]. Retrieved December 9, 2023.</ref> was put in charge to compose music for their programs.
===New Digs===
In [[1963]], a larger building of the studio was built in [[Los Angeles]], [[California]]. The building was designed by architect Arthur Froehlich in a clean Mid-Century Modern style.<ref>[https://www.laconservancy.org/locations/hanna-barbera-building "Hanna-Barbera Building"]. ''Los Angeles Conservancy''. Retrieved [[October 23]], [[2022]].</ref>
===Taft, the Great American===
In [[1987]], Taft Broadcasting changed its name to Great American Broadcasting (or Great American Communications). In October [[1989]], [[David Kirschner]] was hired as the new president of Hanna-Barbera,<ref name="Like Disney">Sanchez, Jesus ([[November 16]], [[1989]]). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-11-16-fi-2229-story.html "Like Disney, Hanna-Barbera will diversify into theme parks and retail."]. Retrieved [[February 21]], 2024.</ref> to bring it back out from a state of being "moribund" as Hanna-Barbera hadn't had a hit since ''[[The Smurfs]]''.<ref>Lev, Michael ([[July 28]], [[1991]]). [https://www.nytimes.com/1991/07/28/business/making-a-difference-on-the-block-yogi-co.html "Making a Difference; On the Block: Yogi & Co."]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved February 21, 2024.</ref> Kirschner would make the studio a valuable asset again that could be sold for the financially troubled Great American,<ref name="LA Times October">Lippman, John ([[October 30]], 1991). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-08-31-fi-1326-story.html "Turner Is Buying Hanna-Barbera Film Library"]. ''Los Angeles Times''. Retrieved [[February 9]], 2024.</ref><ref name="UPI October">McNary, Dave ([[October 29]], 1991). [https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/10/29/Turner-to-buy-Hanna-Barbera-for-320-million/8703688712400/ "Turner to buy Hanna-Barbera for $320 million"]. ''UPI''. Retrieved February 8, 2024.</ref> To do this, Kirschner announced plans for a theme park inspired by Disney, Hanna-Barbera retail shops, home video programs sold at Hallmark shops, a new film and television banner called [[Bedrock Productions]], and the franchise rights to [[Yogi Bear's Jellystone Park Camp-Resorts]]. They had also sold a new animated series to [[NBC]] called ''[[Gravedale High]]'', created a new syndicated live-action/animation series called ''[[Wake, Rattle & Roll]]'', and had plans in developing a TV series based on Kirschner's own animated film ''An American Tail''.<ref name="Like Disney" />
Great American put up Hanna-Barbera Productions for auction at an asking price of $350-400 million in [[1991]], with at least twelve entertainment companies bidding, which included the Walt Disney Company, [[Hallmark Cards]],<ref name="UPI September">([[September 3]], 1991). [https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/09/03/Great-American-to-sell-Hanna-Barbera/7715683870400/ "Great American to sell Hanna-Barbera"]. ''UPI''. Retrieved [[February 8]], 2024.</ref> and L'Oréal, and MCA, with the latter coming out on top, perhaps due to their already established relationship with Hanna-Barbera, having a [[The Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera (ride)|HB-themed attraction]] at their theme park at Universal Studios Florida, and co-producing and distributing ''[[Jetsons: The Movie (film)|Jetsons: The Movie]]''.<ref name="MCA Talks">Citron, Alan, Lippman, John ([[July 18]], 1991). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-07-18-fi-3326-story.html "MCA in Talks to Purchase Hanna-Barbera"]. ''Los Angeles Times''. Retrieved February 8, 2024.</ref> UPI reported that MCA had offered the lower price of $175 million on [[July 18]].<ref name="LA Times">Citron, Alan ([[August 31]], 1991). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-08-31-fi-1326-story.html "Turner in Negotiations to Buy Hanna-Barbera"]. ''Los Angeles Times''. Retrieved February 8, 2024.</ref> Although discussions were still ongoing by [[August 31]], the ''Los Angeles Times'' revealed that Turner Broadcasting System had bigger plans and a better offer for Hanna-Barbera, which according to sources close to the deal would be $250 million, with help from Apollo Investment Fund. With the Hanna-Barbera library containing more than 3,000 hours of animated programming,<ref name="UPI October" /> TBS could air the cartoons across its cable stations.<ref name="LA Times" /> One problem bidders like MCA would have to navigate through, however, was that [[Worldvision]], via [[Spelling Productions]], owned the domestic and international rights, although MCA seemed confident in being able to deal with this as they had their own distribution system.<ref name="MCA Talks" />
In [[1993]], the troubled Great American eventually filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.
===Turner Planet===
[[File:Ted Turner launches CN.jpg|thumb|150px]]On August 31, the ''Los Angeles Times'' announced that Turner had entered exclusive negotiations to purchase Hanna-Barbera Productions from Great American, as a joint venture with Apollo Investment Funds. Although no parties involved confirmed a price, sources close to the negotiations claimed that Turner would offer $250 million. They were also considering producing new cartoons based on Hanna-Barbera well-known characters. Turner faced the same prospect of having to deal with Worldvision's ownership of the distribution rights.<ref name="LA Times" /> On [[September 3]], UPI reported that Great American had accepted Turner's bid and written a letter of intent and started formal and exclusive negotiations with Turner for its acquisition. Turner was chosen because Great American chairman Carl Linder felt that the "quality of the TBS organization will assure the continued success of Hanna-Barbera's excellent programming."<ref name="UPI September" />
In a business report by UPI on [[October 29]], it was announced that Turner Broadcasting System intended to buy Hanna-Barbera Productions from Great American Communications for $320 million. Chairman [[Ted Turner]] confirmed plans that he had been considering launching a cartoon channel for its Hanna-Barbera library, as well as plans to buy out Apollo Investment Funds 50% interest.<ref name="UPI October" /> The next day, Turner confirmed that the company and its investment partner had signed a definite agreement that they would pay as much as $320 million to purchase the library and production commitments from Hanna-Barbera Productions. The $320 million payment included $40 million in contingent payments to be paid over an unspecified period. It was also speculated that Turner's plan to launch a channel dedicated to using its large library is to combat [[Disney Channel]] and [[Nickelodeon]].<ref name="LA Times October" />
Turner and Apollo Investments would both contribute $50 million each in addition to burrowing $160 million in bank debt. In addition, Turner paid a further $60 million for the distribution rights, which was possible after Spelling Entertainment gave up those rights to Great American for $24 million.<ref name="LA Times October" /> The deal was formalized [[December 4]].<ref>([[December 4]], 1991). [https://greensboro.com/hanna-barbera-is-now-a-turner-property/article_4751837f-26d7-53d8-88f0-f604cc1ee5c6.html "Hanna-Barbera Is Now a Turner Property"]. ''The Associated Press''. Retrieved February 9, 2024.</ref> Turner had plans to integrate Hanna-Barbera into various parts of its organization, which resulted in the duplication of jobs already fulfilled by Turner employees in [[Atlanta]] and [[New York]], resulting in the firing of 115 of 457 of Hanna-Barbera's employees at their Universal City-based animation studio. [[David Kirschner]] had been promoted from Hanna-Barbera's chief executive to the president of the production division, reporting to Scott Sassa, president of Turner Entertainment.<ref>Lippman, John ([[December 7]], 1991). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-12-07-fi-635-story.html "Turner Fires a Fourth of Hanna-Barbera Staff"]. ''Los Angeles Times''. Retrieved February 9, 1991.</ref>
On [[October 6]], [[1992]], UPI via ''Variety'', reported that Turner planned on cutting 50-75 staffers at Hanna-Barbera on [[November 1]], due to "farm[ing] out its post-production work to outside firms rather than modernize Hanna-Barbera's post-production equipment." Turner was also pushing Hanna-Barbera into producing the films ''[[Once Upon a Forest (film)|Once Upon a Forest]]'' and ''[[The Pagemaster (film)|The Pagemaster]]'', as well as having a hand in Disney's film ''Hocus Pocus''.<ref>([[October 6]], [[1992]]). [https://www.upi.com/Archives/1992/10/06/TBS-may-cut-75-jobs-at-Hanna-Barbera/4741718344000/ "TBS may cut 75 jobs at Hanna-Barbera"]. ''UPI''. Retrieved [[February 18]], [[2024]].</ref>
UPI reported on [[December 29]], 1993, that Turner bought out Apollo Investment Fund's 50% percent ownership for $255 million.<ref>.([[December 29]], [[1993]]). [https://www.upi.com/Archives/1993/12/29/TBS-buys-remaining-interest-in-Hanna-Barbera-for-255-million/1995757141200/ "TBS buys remaining interest in Hanna-Barbera for $255 million"]. ''UPI''. Retrieved February 9, 2024.</ref>
===The Cartoon Network===
On [[February 18]], 1992, Ted Turner announced plans for a 24-hour all-cartoon network which would be launched on [[October 1]]. The basic cable television channel would be Turner's fifth, joining TBS Superstation, TNT, CNN, and CNN Headline News.<ref>([[February 19]], 1992). [https://scholar.lib.vt.edu/VA-news/ROA-Times/issues/1992/rt9202/920219/02190121.htm "Ted Turner to Launch All-Cartoon Network"]. ''The Associated Press''. Retrieved February 9, 2024.</ref>
===The Turner-Time Warner Merger===
''The Washington Post'' reported on [[September 21]], [[1995]], that Turner Broadcasting System and [[Time Warner]] agreed to a $7.5 billion merger deal, which would make them the world's largest media company. Time Warner already owned about 18% of TBS since 1987 when TBS was faltering.<ref>Farhi, Paul ([[September 22]], [[1995]]). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1995/09/23/time-warner-tbs-agree-on-75-billion-merger/1453ea45-2e9d-4c75-962a-823ddadb4891/ "Time Warner, TBS Agree on $7.5 Billion Merger"]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved February 9, 2024.</ref>
==Filmography==
==Filmography==
===1950s===
===1950s===
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* ''[[The Hanna-Barbera New Cartoon Series]]'' (1962-[[1963]])
* ''[[The Hanna-Barbera New Cartoon Series]]'' (1962-[[1963]])
** ''[[Wally Gator (segments)|Wally Gator]]''
** ''[[Wally Gator (segments)|Wally Gator]]''
** ''[[Touché Turtle and Dum Dum]]''
** ''[[Lippy the Lion and Hardy Har Har]]''
** ''[[Lippy the Lion and Hardy Har Har]]''
** ''[[Touché Turtle and Dum Dum]]''
* ''[[The Jetsons (TV series)|The Jetsons]]'' (1962-1963; [[1985]]-[[1987]])
* ''[[The Jetsons (TV series)|The Jetsons]]'' (1962-1963; [[1985]]-[[1987]])
* ''[[Hey There, It's Yogi Bear]]'' (1964)
* ''[[Hey There, It's Yogi Bear (film)|Hey There, It's Yogi Bear]]'' (1964)
* ''[[The Magilla Gorilla Show]]'' ([[1964]]-[[1967]])
* ''[[The Magilla Gorilla Show]]'' ([[1964]]-[[1967]])
** ''[[Magilla Gorilla (segments)|Magilla Gorilla]]''
** ''[[Magilla Gorilla (segments)|Magilla Gorilla]]''
Line 60: Line 118:
* ''[[Sinbad Jr. and his Magic Belt]]'' (1965-1966)
* ''[[Sinbad Jr. and his Magic Belt]]'' (1965-1966)
* ''[[Alice in Wonderland or What's a Nice Kid like You Doing in a Place like This?]]'' (1966)
* ''[[Alice in Wonderland or What's a Nice Kid like You Doing in a Place like This?]]'' (1966)
* ''[[The Man Called Flintstone]]'' (1966)
* ''[[The Man Called Flintstone (film)|The Man Called Flintstone]]'' (1966)
* ''[[A Laurel & Hardy Cartoon]]'' (1966-1967)
* ''[[A Laurel & Hardy Cartoon]]'' (1966-1967)
* ''[[Frankenstein Jr. and the Impossibles]]'' (1966-[[1968]])
* ''[[Frankenstein Jr. and the Impossibles]]'' (1966-[[1968]])
Line 69: Line 127:
** ''[[Dino Boy in the Lost Valley]]''
** ''[[Dino Boy in the Lost Valley]]''
* ''[[The Space Kidettes]]'' (1966-1967)
* ''[[The Space Kidettes]]'' (1966-1967)
* ''[[Jack and the Beanstalk]]'' (1967)
* ''[[Jack and the Beanstalk (film)|Jack and the Beanstalk]]'' (1967)
* ''[[The Abbott & Costello Cartoon Show]]'' (1967-1968)
* ''[[The Abbott & Costello Cartoon Show]]'' (1967-1968)
* ''[[Birdman and the Galaxy Trio]]'' (1967-1969)
* ''[[Birdman and the Galaxy Trio]]'' (1967-1969)
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** ''[[Moby Dick (segments)|Moby Dick]]''  
** ''[[Moby Dick (segments)|Moby Dick]]''  
** ''[[Mighty Mightor]]''
** ''[[Mighty Mightor]]''
* ''[[Samson & Goliath]]'' (1967-1968)
* ''[[Young Samson]]'' (1967-1968)
* ''[[The Banana Splits Adventure Hour]]'' (1968-[[1970]])
* ''[[The Banana Splits Adventure Hour]]'' (1968-[[1970]])
** ''[[The Three Musketeers (segments)|The Three Musketeers]]''
** ''[[The Three Musketeers (segments)|The Three Musketeers]]''
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* ''[[Wacky Races (1968 TV series)|Wacky Races]]'' (1968-1969)
* ''[[Wacky Races (1968 TV series)|Wacky Races]]'' (1968-1969)
* ''[[The Perils of Penelope Pitstop]]'' (1969-1970)
* ''[[The Perils of Penelope Pitstop]]'' (1969-1970)
* ''[[Dastardly and Muttley in Their Flying Machines]]'' (1969-1970)
* ''[[Dastardly & Muttley in Their Flying Machines]]'' (1969-1970)
* ''[[Cattanooga Cats (TV series)|Cattanooga Cats]]'' (1969-[[1971]])
* ''[[Cattanooga Cats (TV series)|Cattanooga Cats]]'' (1969-[[1971]])
** ''[[Cattanooga Cats (segments)|Cattanooga Cats]]''
** ''[[Cattanooga Cats (segments)|Cattanooga Cats]]''
Line 96: Line 154:
** ''[[It's the Wolf]]''
** ''[[It's the Wolf]]''
** ''[[Motormouse and Autocat]]''
** ''[[Motormouse and Autocat]]''
* ''[[Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!]]'' (1969-1970)
* ''[[Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! (TV series)|Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!]]'' (1969-1970)


===1970s===
===1970s===
Line 125: Line 183:
* ''[[The Banana Splits in Hocus Pocus Park]]'' (1972)
* ''[[The Banana Splits in Hocus Pocus Park]]'' (1972)
* ''[[Tabitha and Adam and the Clown Family]]'' (1972)
* ''[[Tabitha and Adam and the Clown Family]]'' (1972)
* ''[[Last of the Curlews]]'' (1972)
* ''[[The Last of the Curlews]]'' (1972)
* ''[[The Flintstones on Ice]]'' (1973)
* ''[[The Flintstones on Ice]]'' (1973)
* ''[[The Thanksgiving That Almost Wasn't]]'' (1972)
* ''[[The Thanksgiving That Almost Wasn't]]'' (1972)
* ''[[A Christmas Story]]'' (1972)
* ''[[A Christmas Story]]'' (1972)
* ''[[Charlotte's Web]]'' (1973)
* ''[[Charlotte's Web (film)|Charlotte's Web]]'' (1973)
* ''[[Baxter!]]'' (1973)
* ''[[Baxter!]]'' (1973)
* ''[[Lost in Space]]'' (1973)
* ''[[Lost in Space]]'' (1973)
Line 142: Line 200:
* ''[[The Count of Monte Cristo]]'' (1973)
* ''[[The Count of Monte Cristo]]'' (1973)
* ''[[Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea]]'' (1973)
* ''[[Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea]]'' (1973)
* ''[[The Three Musketeers]]'' (1973)
* ''[[Shootout in a One-Dog Town]]'' (1974)
* ''[[Shootout in a One-Dog Town]]'' (1974)
* ''[[Hong Kong Phooey (TV series)|Hong Kong Phooey]]'' (1974)
* ''[[Hong Kong Phooey (TV series)|Hong Kong Phooey]]'' (1974)
Line 148: Line 205:
* ''[[Partridge Family 2200 A.D.]]'' (1974)
* ''[[Partridge Family 2200 A.D.]]'' (1974)
* ''[[These Are the Days]]'' (1974-[[1975]])
* ''[[These Are the Days]]'' (1974-[[1975]])
* ''[[Valley of the Dinosaurs]]'' (1974)
* ''[[Valley of the Dinosaurs (TV series)|Valley of the Dinosaurs]]'' (1974)
* ''[[Wheelie and the Chopper Bunch]]'' (1974)
* ''[[Wheelie and the Chopper Bunch]]'' (1974)
* ''[[Korg: 70,000 B.C.]]'' (1974-1975)
* ''[[Korg: 70,000 B.C.]]'' (1974-1975)
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* ''[[Davy Crockett on the Mississippi]]'' (1976)
* ''[[Davy Crockett on the Mississippi]]'' (1976)
* ''[[Silent Night, Holy Night]]'' (1976)
* ''[[Silent Night, Holy Night]]'' (1976)
* ''[[Man from Atlantis]]'' ([[1977]]-1978)
* ''[[Fred Flintstone and Friends]]'' ([[1977]]-1978)
* ''[[Fred Flintstone and Friends]]'' (1977-1978)
* ''[[Laff-A-Lympics (TV series)|Laff-A-Lympics]]'' (1977-1978)
* ''[[Laff-A-Lympics (TV series)|Laff-A-Lympics]]'' (1977-1978)
* ''[[Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels]]'' (1977-[[1980]])
* ''[[Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels]]'' (1977-[[1980]])
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** ''Shake, Rattle and Roll''
** ''Shake, Rattle and Roll''
* ''[[The Skatebirds (TV series)|The Skatebirds]]'' (1977-1978)
* ''[[The Skatebirds (TV series)|The Skatebirds]]'' (1977-1978)
** ''[[The Robonic Stooges]]''
** ''[[Wonder Wheels (segments)|Wonder Wheels]]''
** ''[[Woofer & Wimper, Dog Detectives]]''
** ''[[Mystery Island]]''
* ''[[The All-New Super Friends Hour]]'' (1977-1978)
* ''[[The All-New Super Friends Hour]]'' (1977-1978)
* ''[[The Beach Girls]]'' (1977, unsold pilot)
* ''[[The Beach Girls]]'' (1977, unsold pilot)
* ''[[Five Weeks in a Balloon]]'' (1977)
* ''[[Energy: A National Issue]]'' (1977)
* ''[[5 Weeks in a Balloon]]'' (1977)
* ''[[Yabba Dabba Doo! The Happy World of Hanna-Barbera]]'' (1977)
* ''[[Yabba Dabba Doo! The Happy World of Hanna-Barbera]]'' (1977)
* ''[[A Flintstone Family Christmas]]'' (1977)
* ''[[A Flintstone Christmas]]'' (1977)
* ''[[The Gathering]]'' (1977)
* ''[[The Gathering]]'' (1977)
* ''[[Hanna-Barbera's All-Star Ice Comedy Revue]]'' (1978)
* ''[[Hanna-Barbera's All-Star Comedy Ice Revue]]'' (1978)
* ''[[It Isn't Easy Being a Teenage Millionaire]]'' (1978)
* ''[[It Isn't Easy Being a Teenage Millionaire]]'' (1978)
* ''[[The Hanna-Barbera Happy Hour]]'' (1978)
* ''[[The Hanna-Barbera Happy Hour]]'' (1978)
* ''[[The Beasts Are on the Street]]'' (1978)
* ''[[The Beasts Are on the Streets]]'' (1978)
* ''[[The Funny World of Fred and Bunni]]'' (1978, unsold pilot)
* ''[[The Funny World of Fred and Bunni]]'' (1978, unsold pilot)
* ''[[The Thing (segments)|The Thing]]'' (1978)
* ''[[The Thing (segments)|The Thing]]'' (1978)
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* ''[[Galaxy Goof-Ups]]'' (1978)
* ''[[Galaxy Goof-Ups]]'' (1978)
* ''[[Buford and the Galloping Ghost]]'' (1978)
* ''[[Buford and the Galloping Ghost]]'' (1978)
** ''[[The Buford Files]]''
** ''[[The Galloping Ghost]]''
* ''[[Challenge of the Superfriends]]'' (1978)
* ''[[Challenge of the Superfriends]]'' (1978)
* ''[[Godzilla (TV series)|Godzilla]]'' (1978-[[1979]])
* ''[[Godzilla (TV series)|Godzilla]]'' (1978-[[1979]])
* ''[[Jana of the Jungle]]'' (1978)
* ''[[Jana of the Jungle]]'' (1978)
* ''[[The Popeye Show]]'' (1978)
* ''[[Black Beauty (film)|Black Beauty]]'' (1978)
* ''[[Black Beauty (film)|Black Beauty]]'' (1978)
* ''[[Kiss Meets the Phantom of the Park]]'' (1978)
* ''[[Kiss Meets the Phantom of the Park]]'' (1978)
* ''[[Legends of the Superheroes]]'' (1979)
* ''[[Legends of the Superheroes]]'' (1979)
* ''[[The New Fred and Barney Show]]'' (1979)
* ''[[The New Fred and Barney Show]]'' (1979)
* ''[[Sergeant T.K. Yu]]'' (1979)
* ''[[Sgt. T.K. Yu]]'' (1979, unsold pilot)
* ''[[The Popeye Valentine Special: Sweethearts at Sea]]'' (1979)
* ''[[The Popeye Valentine Special: Sweethearts at Sea]]'' (1979)
* ''[[America vs. the World]]'' (1979)
* ''[[America vs. the World]]'' (1979, unsold pilot)
* ''[[Casper and the Angels]]'' (1979)
* ''[[Casper and the Angels]]'' (1979)
* ''[[The New Shmoo]]'' (1979-1980)
* ''[[The New Shmoo]]'' (1979-1980)
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* ''[[The Flintstones Primetime Specials]]'' (1980-1981)
* ''[[The Flintstones Primetime Specials]]'' (1980-1981)
* ''[[The Gymnast]]'' (1980)
* ''[[The Gymnast]]'' (1980)
* ''[[The B.B. Beegle Show]]'' (1980)
* ''[[The B.B. Beegle Show]]'' (1980, unsold pilot)
* ''[[Superfriends (1980 TV series)|Superfriends]]'' (1980-1982)
* ''[[Superfriends (1980 TV series)|Superfriends]]'' (1980-1982)
* ''[[The Harlem Globetrotters Meet Snow White]]'' (1980)
* ''[[The Harlem Globetrotters Meet Snow White]]'' (1980)
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* ''[[Pac-Man (TV series)|Pac-Man]]'' (1982-1983)
* ''[[Pac-Man (TV series)|Pac-Man]]'' (1982-1983)
* ''[[Mork & Mindy]]'' (1982-1983)
* ''[[Mork & Mindy]]'' (1982-1983)
* ''[[The Puppy's New Adventures]]'' (1982-1983)
* ''[[Jokebook]]'' (1982)
* ''[[Jokebook]]'' (1982)
* ''[[Shirt Tales (TV series)|Shirt Tales]]'' (1982-1983)
* ''[[Shirt Tales (TV series)|Shirt Tales]]'' (1982-1983)
* ''[[The Gary Coleman Show]]'' (1982)
* ''[[The Gary Coleman Show]]'' (1982)
* ''[[Pac-Man Halloween Special]]'' (1982)
* ''[[Heidi's Song (film)|Heidi's Song]]'' (1982)
* ''[[Heidi's Song]]'' (1982)
* ''[[The Smurfs Christmas Special]]'' (1982)
* ''[[The Smurfs Christmas Special]]'' (1982)
* ''[[Christmas Comes to Pac-Man]]'' (1982)
* ''[[Christmas Comes to Pacland]]'' (1982)
* ''[[Yogi Bear's All-Star Comedy Christmas Caper]]'' (1982)
* ''[[Yogi Bear's All-Star Comedy Christmas Caper]]'' (1982)
* ''[[My Smurfy Valentine]]'' (1983)
* ''[[My Smurfy Valentine]]'' (1983)
* ''[[The Secret World of Og]]'' (1983)
* ''[[The Secret World of Og]]'' (1983)
* ''[[The Dukes]]'' (1983)
* ''[[The Dukes]]'' (1983)
* ''[[Monchhochis]]'' (1983)
* ''[[Monchhichis]]'' (1983)
* ''[[The New Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo Show]]'' (1983)
* ''[[The New Scooby and Scrappy-Doo Show]]'' (1983)
* ''[[The Biskitts]]'' (1983-1984)
* ''[[The Biskitts]]'' (1983-1984)
* ''[[Benji, Zax & the Alien Prince]]'' (1983)
* ''[[Benji, Zax & the Alien Prince]]'' (1983)
* ''[[The Amazing Bunjee Adventure]]'' (1984)
* ''[[The Smurfic Games]]'' (1984)
* ''[[The Smurfic Games]]'' (1984)
* ''[[The New Scooby-Doo Mysteries]]'' (1984)
* ''[[The New Scooby-Doo Mysteries]]'' (1984)
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* ''[[Pink Panther and Sons]]'' (1984-1985)
* ''[[Pink Panther and Sons]]'' (1984-1985)
* ''[[Superfriends: The Legendary Super Powers Show]]'' (1984-1985)
* ''[[Superfriends: The Legendary Super Powers Show]]'' (1984-1985)
* ''[[We Think the World Is Round]]'' (1984)
* ''[[We Think the World is Round]]'' (1984)
* ''[[Smurfily Ever After]]'' (1985)
* ''[[Smurfily Ever After]]'' (1985)
* ''[[The Greatest Adventure: Stories from the Bible]]'' (1985-1992)
* ''[[The Greatest Adventure: Stories from the Bible]]'' (1985-1992)
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* ''[[Stone Fox (film)|Stone Fox]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Stone Fox (film)|Stone Fox]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Rock Odyssey]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Rock Odyssey]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Sky Commanders]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Sky Commanders (TV series)|Sky Commanders]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Popeye and Son]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Popeye and Son]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Yogi's Great Escape]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Yogi's Great Escape (film)|Yogi's Great Escape]]'' (1987)
* ''[[The Jetsons Meet the Flintstones]]'' (1987)
* ''[[The Jetsons Meet the Flintstones (film)|The Jetsons Meet the Flintstones]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Scooby-Doo Meets the Boo Brothers]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Scooby-Doo Meets the Boo Brothers (film)|Scooby-Doo Meets the Boo Brothers]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Yogi Bear and the Magical Flight of the Spruce Goose]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Yogi Bear and the Magical Flight of the Spruce Goose (film)|Yogi Bear and the Magical Flight of the Spruce Goose]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Ultraman: The Adventure Begins]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Ultraman: The Adventure Begins]]'' (1987)
* ''[[The Little Troll Prince]]'' (1987)
* ''[[The Little Troll Prince]]'' (1987)
* ''[['Tis The Season to Be Smurfy]]'' (1987)
* ''[['Tis The Season to Be Smurfy]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Top Cat and the Beverly Hills Cats]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Top Cat and the Beverly Hills Cats (film)|Top Cat and the Beverly Hills Cats]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Scooby-Doo and the Ghoul School]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Scooby-Doo and the Ghoul School (film)|Scooby-Doo and the Ghoul School]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Rockin' with Judy Jetson]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Rockin' with Judy Jetson (film)|Rockin' with Judy Jetson]]'' (1988)
* ''[[The Good, the Bad and Huckleberry Hound]]'' (1988)
* ''[[The Good, the Bad, and Huckleberry Hound (film)|The Good, the Bad, and the Huckleberry Hound]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Yogi and the Invasion of the Space Bears]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Yogi and the Invasion of the Space Bears (film)|Yogi and the Invasion of the Space Bears]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Scooby-Doo and the Reluctant Werewolf]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Scooby-Doo and the Reluctant Werewolf (film)|Scooby-Doo and the Reluctant Werewolf]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Skedaddle]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Skedaddle]]'' (1988)
* ''[[A Pup Named Scooby-Doo]]'' (1988-1991)
* ''[[A Pup Named Scooby-Doo]]'' (1988-1991)
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* ''[[Timeless Tales from Hallmark]]'' (1990-1991)
* ''[[Timeless Tales from Hallmark]]'' (1990-1991)
* ''[[The Yum Yums: The Day Things Went Sour]]'' (1990)
* ''[[The Yum Yums]]'' (1990)
* ''[[The Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera (ride)|The Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera]]'' (1990)
* ''[[The Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera (ride)|The Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera]]'' (1990)
* ''[[Jetsons: The Movie]]'' (1990)
* ''[[Jetsons: The Movie (film)|Jetsons: The Movie]]'' (1990)
* ''[[...Where's Rodney?]]'' (1990)
* ''[[...Where's Rodney?]]'' (1990)
* ''[[Poochinski]]'' (1990)
* ''[[Poochinski]]'' (1990)
Line 333: Line 392:
* ''[[Tom & Jerry Kids]]'' (1990-[[1994]])
* ''[[Tom & Jerry Kids]]'' (1990-[[1994]])
* ''[[Wake, Rattle & Roll]]'' (1990-1991)
* ''[[Wake, Rattle & Roll]]'' (1990-1991)
* ''[[Gravedale High (TV series)|Gravedale High]]'' (1990)
* ''[[Gravedale High]]'' (1990)
* ''[[Midnight Patrol: Adventures in the Dream Zone]]'' (1990)
* ''[[Midnight Patrol: Adventures in the Dream Zone]]'' (1990)
* ''[[The Dreamer of Oz]]'' (1990)
* ''[[The Dreamer of Oz]]'' (1990)
* ''[[The Pirates of Dark Water]]'' (1991-1993)
* ''[[The Pirates of Dark Water (TV series)|The Pirates of Dark Water]]'' (1991-1993)
* ''[[Yo, Yogi!]]'' (1991)
* ''[[Yo, Yogi!]]'' (1991)
* ''[[Young Robin Hood]]'' (1991-[[1992]])
* ''[[Young Robin Hood]]'' (1991-[[1992]])
Line 343: Line 402:
* ''[[Capitol Critters]]'' (1992)
* ''[[Capitol Critters]]'' (1992)
* ''[[The Addams Family (1992 TV series)|The Addams Family]]'' (1992-[[1993]])
* ''[[The Addams Family (1992 TV series)|The Addams Family]]'' (1992-[[1993]])
* ''[[Monster in My Pocket: The Big Scream]]'' (1992)
* ''[[Monster in My Pocket]]'' (1992)
* ''[[I Yabba-Dabba Doo!]]'' (1993)
* ''[[I Yabba-Dabba Do!]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Jonny's Golden Quest]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Jonny's Golden Quest]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Once Upon a Forest]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Once Upon a Forest]]'' (1993)
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* ''[[Droopy, Master Detective]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Droopy, Master Detective]]'' (1993)
* ''[[The New Adventures of Captain Planet]]'' (1993-[[1996]])
* ''[[The New Adventures of Captain Planet]]'' (1993-[[1996]])
* ''[[SWAT Kats: The Radical Squadron]]'' (1993-[[1995]])
* ''[[SWAT Kats: The Radical Squadron (TV series)|SWAT Kats: The Radical Squadron]]'' (1993-[[1995]])
* ''[[The Halloween Tree]]'' (1993)
* ''[[The Halloween Tree (film)|The Halloween Tree]]'' (1993)
* ''[[The Moxy Show]]'' (1993-1995)
* ''[[The Moxy Show]]'' (1993-1995)
* ''[[The Town Santa Forgot]]'' (1993)
* ''[[The Town Santa Forgot]]'' (1993)
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* ''[[The Pagemaster]]'' (1994)
* ''[[The Pagemaster]]'' (1994)
* ''[[A Flintstone Christmas Carol]]'' (1994)
* ''[[A Flintstone Christmas Carol]]'' (1994)
* "[[The SWAT Kats: A Special Report]]" (1995)
* ''[[Daisy-Head Mayzie]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Daisy-Head Mayzie]]'' (1995)
* ''[[What a Cartoon!]]'' (1995-[[1997]])
* ''[[What a Cartoon!]]'' (1995-[[1997]])
* ''[[Dumb and Dumber]]'' (1995-1996)
* ''[[Dumb and Dumber]]'' (1995-1996)
* ''[[Jonny Quest Versus the Cyber Insects]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Jonny Quest Versus the Cyber Insects]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Dexter's Laboratory]]'' (1997-[[1999]])
* ''[[Dexter's Laboratory (TV series)|Dexter's Laboratory]]'' (1997-[[1999]])
** ''Dexter's Laboratory''
** ''[[Dial M for Monkey]]'' (1996-1997)
** ''[[Dial M for Monkey]]'' (1996-1997)
** ''[[The Justice Friends (segments)|The Justice Friends]]'' (1996-1997)
** ''[[The Justice Friends]]'' (1996-1997)
* ''[[The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest]]'' (1996-1997)
* ''[[The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest (TV series)|The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest]]'' (1996-1997)
* ''[[Cave Kids (TV series)|Cave Kids]]'' (1996)
* ''[[Cave Kids (TV series)|Cave Kids]]'' (1996)
* ''[[Johnny Bravo (TV series)|Johnny Bravo]]'' (1997-2002)
* ''[[Johnny Bravo (TV series)|Johnny Bravo]]'' (1997-2002)
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* ''[[I Am Weasel]]'' (1999)
* ''[[I Am Weasel]]'' (1999)
* ''[[The Powerpuff Girls (1998 TV series)|The Powerpuff Girls]]'' ([[1998]]-2002)
* ''[[The Powerpuff Girls (1998 TV series)|The Powerpuff Girls]]'' ([[1998]]-2002)
* ''[[Scooby-Doo on Zombie Island]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Scooby-Doo on Zombie Island (film)|Scooby-Doo on Zombie Island]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Scooby-Doo! and the Witch's Ghost]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Scooby-Doo! and the Witch's Ghost (film)|Scooby-Doo! and the Witch's Ghost]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Dexter's Laboratory: Ego Trip]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Dexter's Laboratory: Ego Trip]]'' (1999)


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{{Main|2000s}}
{{Main|2000s}}


* ''[[Scooby-Doo and the Alien Invaders]]'' ([[2000]])
* ''[[Scooby-Doo and the Alien Invaders (film)|Scooby-Doo and the Alien Invaders]]'' ([[2000]])
* ''[[The Mansion Cat|Tom and Jerry: The Mansion Cat]]'' ([[2001]])
* ''[[The Mansion Cat|Tom and Jerry: The Mansion Cat]]'' ([[2001]])
* ''[[Scooby-Doo and the Cyber Chase (film)|Scooby-Doo and the Cyber Chase]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Scooby-Doo and the Cyber Chase (film)|Scooby-Doo and the Cyber Chase]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Scooby-Doo! and the Legend of the Vampire]]'' (2003, logo only)
* ''[[Scooby-Doo! and the Legend of the Vampire (film)|Scooby-Doo! and the Legend of the Vampire]]'' (2003, logo only)
* ''[[Scooby-Doo! and the Monster of Mexico]]'' (2003, logo only)
* ''[[Scooby-Doo! and the Monster of Mexico (film)|Scooby-Doo! and the Monster of Mexico]]'' (2003, logo only)


===2010s===
===2010s===
* ''[[Yabba Dabba Dinosaurs]]'' (logo only)
* ''[[Yabba-Dabba Dinosaurs]]'' (logo only)
 
==In popular culture==
* In the ''Red Razors'' arc of the comic ''2000AD'', a group of Sov-Block mercenary enforcers called themselves the Spooky Doo Gang, due to owning a dog called Spooky who resembled a green Scooby-Doo. Daphne and Velma's doppelgangers are called Hannah and Barbra, in reference to William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, respectively.
* In ''The Ren and Stimpy Show'' episode "Ren's Retirement," the worm who eats both Ren and Stimpy in the end wears an outfit similar to early Hanna-Barbera funny animal characters, namely [[Yogi Bear (character)|Yogi Bear]]. His voice and mannerisms, however, are a parody of [[Fred Flintstone]].
* In the ''Animaniacs'' segment "Back in Style," Thaddeus Plotz, the CEO of Warner Bros., tries to save the company by loaning off the Warner siblings to Phil and Schmoe, parodies of Bill Hanna and Joe Barbera, who were known for making cartoons of limited animation.
* The humans in the animated TV series ''[[Krypto]] the Superdog'' resembled the cartoonish designs of the humans used in Hanna-Barbera's cartoons such as ''The Flintstones'' and ''The Jetsons''.
* In the ''[[Drawn Together]]'' episode "A Tale of Two Cows," when Live Action Squirrel with Big Balls is chased off, he makes the Hanna Barbera running sound effect.
* In the ''Torchwood'' book ''Slow Decay'', Jack Harkness expressed his dissatisfaction with the TV film ''Scooby-Doo and the Reluctant Werewolf'', marking it to be a low point in Hanna-Barbera's output.
* In the ''American Dad!'' episode "Shallow Vows," Stan trips on a harp that produces the "Kabong" sound.
* In the ''[[Aqua Teen Hunger Force (TV series)|Aqua Teen Hunger Force]]'' episode "One Hundred," realizing that their series has reached a hundred episodes, [[Master Shake]] demands the network put his team's show in syndication. But this leads to Hundred, a monster shaped like the number 100, on the warpath. In their escape, Master Shake takes the [[Aqua Teen Hunger Force]] to a place to hide that's a parody of the ''Scooby-Doo'' series called ''Aqua Unit Patrol Squad'' with the pilot called "The Bayou Boo-Ya!," which in reality, is what actor [[Dana Snyder]] is pitching to the network. It has all the tropes and conventions one would expect, including a reference to the cheapness of the studio reusing backgrounds for characters to run in front of continuously.
* In the ''Comic Book Men'' episode "The Clash at the Stash," a seller mentions Hanna-Barbera being part of the Underoos line.
* In the ''[[Family Guy]]'' episode "No Country Club for Old Men," Peter tells the family he got tired of not being able to find their luggage, so he tied a "vaguely looking Hanna-Barbera character" to it. True to his word, the family sees a purple rhinoceros come out on the luggage belt, with their luggage roped around it. The rhino angrily quips, "This trip was impoceros!"
* In the ''Clarence'' episode "Spooky Boo," the kids check out a spooky house on Halloween, which old man Howard uses as an excuse to scare the kids while wearing a sheet and making eerie sound effects commonly heard in Hanna-Barbera cartoons, particularly ''Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!'' when the kids are running away from monsters.
* In the ''Regular Show'' episode "The Dream Warrior," Rigby and Mordecai help Pops overcome his nightmares by watching ''[[Funkie Wunky and the Groovy Gang]]'' (a parody of ''Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!''), with the only nightmares from that show is the bad animation.
* In the ''Legends of Tomorrow'' episode "Raiders of the Lost Art," Nate christens the main set of villains for the second season to be the [[Legion of Doom]] after a [[Challenge of the Superfriends|Hanna-Barbera cartoon]] he watched as a kid.
* In ''Harley Quinn'' #64, Harley believes that Justice League Dark is dressed up like [[Mystery Incorporated]] because it is a DC/Hanna-Barbera event in reference to the one-shot crossovers [[DC Comics]] had been doing at the same time.
* In the ''Succession'' episode "Kill List", Lukas Matsson interjects Roman & Kendall in their deal and ask the two if they had learnt their shady deal tactics at "Hanna-Barbera business school."
<gallery>
R&S worm.png|Hungrier than the average worm!
Vaguely Looking HB Character.png|The vaguely looking Hanna-Barbera character.
</gallery>
 
===''The Simpsons''===
* "The Front:" Roger Meyer's Jr. notes that animators reuse backgrounds to save cost as he, Bart and Lisa pass by the same door, water cooler and cleaning lady several times. This parodies the fact that Hanna-Barbera reused their backgrounds many times.
* "HOMЯ:" The voice actor who copies other characters' voices and celebrity voices at the animation festival references how many early Hanna-Barbera "funny animal" characters' voices were often based off popular celebrities of the time.
* "Grampa vs. Sexual Inadequacy" and "Who Shot Mr. Burns? (Part One):" The couch gag features the family in Hanna-Barbera poses running past the couch several times.
<gallery>
File:Repeating Room Couch Gag.png|The Simpsons parody Hanna Barbera in "Grampa vs. Sexual Inadequacy" and "Who Shot Mr. Burns? (Part One)"
</gallery>
 
===''Tiny Toon Adventures''===
{{Main|Tiny Toon Adventures}}
* "The Acme Bowl:" The Acme Loo football team lost against the Santa Ana Barbarians, a play on Hanna-Barbera, who resemble cavemen dressed in Fred Flintstone's orange loincloth.
* "Pledge Week:" In the "It's All Relatives" segment, Babs acts and dresses like Yogi (with an authentic background to match) in the hopes that this impression is what her grandmother wants to see.
<gallery>
Babs as Yogi.png|
</gallery>


==47cartoonguy's documentary series==
==47cartoonguy's documentary series==
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'''Part 4:'''<br>
'''Part 4:'''<br>
{{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=isd8zoiWj5c}}
{{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=isd8zoiWj5c}}
'''Part 5 (finale):'''<br>
{{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJDJh7xm7Gw}}


==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references/>
[[Category:Animation studios]]
[[Category:Animation studios]]

Latest revision as of 20:45, 14 March 2024

Hanna-Barbera
HB logo (Jetsons The Movie).png
The "Swirling Star" logo used for Jetsons: The Movie in 1990.
Formerly H-B Enterprises, Inc. (19571959)
Hanna-Barbera Productions, Inc. (1959–1991)
Hanna-Barbera, Inc. (1991–1992)
H-B Production Co. (1992–1993)
Hanna-Barbera Cartoons, Inc. (1993–2001)
Type In-name-only unit of Warner Bros.
Industry Film
Animation
Television
Predecessor(s) MGM Cartoons
Founded July 7, 1957
Founder(s) William Hanna
Joseph Barbera
George Sydney
Defunct March 12, 2001
Fate Absorbed into Warner Bros. Animation
Successor(s) Studio:
Cartoon Network Studios
Hanna-Barbera Studios Europe
Warner Bros. Animation
Library:
Warner Bros. Television Studios
(through Warner Bros. Animation)
(except licensed properties)
Headquarters Kling Studios, Hollywood, California, U.S. (1957–1960)
Cahuenga Boulevard, Los Angeles, California, U.S. (1960–1998)
Sherman Oaks Galleria, Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles, California, U.S. (1998–2001)
Owner Screen Gems Television (18%, 1957–1966)
Taft Broadcasting (19661987)
Great American Broadcasting (1987–1991)

Turner Broadcasting System (50%, 1991–1993; whole, 1993–1996)
Apollo Global (50%, 1991–1993)
Time Warner/AOL Time Warner (1996–2001)

Parent Taft Broadcasting (1966–1987)
Great American Broadcasting (1987–1991)
Turner Entertainment Co. (1991–1996)
Warner Bros. Animation (1996–2001)
Division(s) Hanna-Barbera Australia (1972-1989)
Wang Film Productions (50%, 19781990s)
Cartoon Network Studios

Hanna-Barbera was an animation studio and production company founded in 1957 by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera,[1] with financial backing by film director George Sidney. Prior to its founding, Hanna and Barbera were business partners at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) during the 1940s to 1950s, where they both served as the creators, directors and eventual producers of the Tom and Jerry theatrical animated shorts. When MGM's in-house animation department was shut down in 1957, Sydney—who previously formed a friendship with the two when they worked at MGM—helped form a deal with the producers at Screen Gems,[2] the television arm of Columbia Pictures. After Hanna-Barbera was created, it became one of the first and most successful animation studios to produce exclusively for television.

In its heydey, the company produced many successful animated television series such as The Huckleberry Hound Show, The Flintstones, The Yogi Bear Show, Top Cat, The Jetsons, Jonny Quest, Wacky Races, Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!, and The Smurfs.[3] Hanna-Barbera also gained a record-breaking eight Emmy Awards[4] while they produced numerous feature-length movies and specials.

Hanna-Barbera worked as an in-house studio until the beginning of the 1970s when they outsourced to Australia (which eventually led to its own independent off-shoot known as Hanna-Barbera Australia until the late 1980s), and then to South Korea by the end of the 1970s. They also used other animation outlets in Spain and the Philippines in the 1980s.

Hanna-Barbera had never been an independent studio, always having been a subsidiary of another company. In 1966, Hanna-Barbera was sold to Taft Broadcasting (later known as Great American Broadcasting), until 1991 when it was bought by Turner Broadcasting System. It was finally bought by Time Warner when it merged with Turner in 1996, where it remains today; although only as a brand name. The studio continued to operate as a standalone company until 2001, when it was shut down ten days before Hanna died. It was eventually folded into Warner Bros. Animation, as an in-name-only subsidiary of Warner Bros.

In the 1990s, Hanna-Barbera gained its own spin-off studio with Cartoon Network Studios, which become its own full-fledged studio when Hanna-Barbera was dismantled. In 2021, Cartoon Network Studios Europe rebranded itself as Hanna-Barbera Studios Europe.

History

Early Beginnings

William Denby "Bill" Hanna and Joseph Roland "Joe" Barbera began their partnership when they first met at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1937. Having previous experience in the animation industry since the early 1930s, they worked at MGM's animation department and solidified themselves as workmates for the next six decades. From 1940 to until 1957, they both created and worked on the Tom and Jerry series of theatrical cartoons, centering on the madcap exploits of a cat named Tom and a mouse named Jerry. Hanna supervised in the animation while Barbera did the stories in pre-production.

Tom and Jerry was MGM's most valuable animated property, with the cartoons themselves being substantially successful at the box office. It additionally earned thirteen Academy Award nominations for Short Subjects (Cartoons), with seven of each Tom and Jerry cartoon winning such:[1] The Yankee Doodle Mouse (1943), Mouse Trouble (1944), Quiet Please! (1945), The Cat Concerto (1947), The Little Orphan (1949), The Two Mouseketeers (1952) and Johann Mouse (1953). Despite this, the producer of MGM's cartoon division, Fred Quimby, received the awards instead of Hanna and Barbera.

Following Quimby's departure in 1955, Hanna and Barbera assumed his position and became co-heads of the MGM cartoon studio, and took over sole production of their Tom and Jerry series. Additionally, the duo directed and produced the short-lived Spike and Tyke cartoons, which ran for two shorts, and supervised in the last seven cartoons Tex Avery directed for the Droopy series. They also did work on other projects, including the animated title sequences and commercials for I Love Lucy.[5] Although they were fairly successful, MGM assumed that re-releasing cartoons was profitable, which eventually resulted in the closure of their animation unit on May 15, 1957.[6] In the meantime during the studio's last year, both men had developed a concept for television, centering on a cat and dog duo, which would later become The Ruff and Reddy Show.[6]

Director George Sidney, who had worked with Hanna and Barbera on several of his movies for MGM (such as in a sequence for 1945 the film Anchors Away, where Jerry interacted with Gene Kelly's character), became their business partner for the formation of their new animation studio. When the two men failed to convince MGM to back their then-upcoming studio, Sidney arranged to have them meet the executives at Screen Gems, who showed interest to their potential.[6] Harry Cohn, president and head of Columbia Pictures, took an 18% ownership to the studio and provided working capital.[2]

On July 7, 1957, H-B Enterprises was founded in rented offices on the lot of Kling Studios at Hollywood (formerly Charlie Chaplin Studios),[5] with Screen Gems becoming its new distributor and licensing agent; effectively handling merchandizing for the studio's animated characters.[7] Sydney and several Screen Gems alumni became members of the studio's board of directors, and the most of the former MGM cartoon staff – which included layout artists Richard Bickenbach and Ed Benedict and animators Carlo Vinci, Kenneth Muse, Lewis Marshall, Michael Lah and Ed Barge – became members at the new studio.[2] Hoyt Curtin, whom Hanna and Barbera first met after he composed a Schlitz beer commercial,[8] was put in charge to compose music for their programs.

New Digs

In 1963, a larger building of the studio was built in Los Angeles, California. The building was designed by architect Arthur Froehlich in a clean Mid-Century Modern style.[9]

Taft, the Great American

In 1987, Taft Broadcasting changed its name to Great American Broadcasting (or Great American Communications). In October 1989, David Kirschner was hired as the new president of Hanna-Barbera,[10] to bring it back out from a state of being "moribund" as Hanna-Barbera hadn't had a hit since The Smurfs.[11] Kirschner would make the studio a valuable asset again that could be sold for the financially troubled Great American,[12][13] To do this, Kirschner announced plans for a theme park inspired by Disney, Hanna-Barbera retail shops, home video programs sold at Hallmark shops, a new film and television banner called Bedrock Productions, and the franchise rights to Yogi Bear's Jellystone Park Camp-Resorts. They had also sold a new animated series to NBC called Gravedale High, created a new syndicated live-action/animation series called Wake, Rattle & Roll, and had plans in developing a TV series based on Kirschner's own animated film An American Tail.[10]

Great American put up Hanna-Barbera Productions for auction at an asking price of $350-400 million in 1991, with at least twelve entertainment companies bidding, which included the Walt Disney Company, Hallmark Cards,[14] and L'Oréal, and MCA, with the latter coming out on top, perhaps due to their already established relationship with Hanna-Barbera, having a HB-themed attraction at their theme park at Universal Studios Florida, and co-producing and distributing Jetsons: The Movie.[15] UPI reported that MCA had offered the lower price of $175 million on July 18.[16] Although discussions were still ongoing by August 31, the Los Angeles Times revealed that Turner Broadcasting System had bigger plans and a better offer for Hanna-Barbera, which according to sources close to the deal would be $250 million, with help from Apollo Investment Fund. With the Hanna-Barbera library containing more than 3,000 hours of animated programming,[13] TBS could air the cartoons across its cable stations.[16] One problem bidders like MCA would have to navigate through, however, was that Worldvision, via Spelling Productions, owned the domestic and international rights, although MCA seemed confident in being able to deal with this as they had their own distribution system.[15]

In 1993, the troubled Great American eventually filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.

Turner Planet

Ted Turner launches CN.jpg

On August 31, the Los Angeles Times announced that Turner had entered exclusive negotiations to purchase Hanna-Barbera Productions from Great American, as a joint venture with Apollo Investment Funds. Although no parties involved confirmed a price, sources close to the negotiations claimed that Turner would offer $250 million. They were also considering producing new cartoons based on Hanna-Barbera well-known characters. Turner faced the same prospect of having to deal with Worldvision's ownership of the distribution rights.[16] On September 3, UPI reported that Great American had accepted Turner's bid and written a letter of intent and started formal and exclusive negotiations with Turner for its acquisition. Turner was chosen because Great American chairman Carl Linder felt that the "quality of the TBS organization will assure the continued success of Hanna-Barbera's excellent programming."[14]

In a business report by UPI on October 29, it was announced that Turner Broadcasting System intended to buy Hanna-Barbera Productions from Great American Communications for $320 million. Chairman Ted Turner confirmed plans that he had been considering launching a cartoon channel for its Hanna-Barbera library, as well as plans to buy out Apollo Investment Funds 50% interest.[13] The next day, Turner confirmed that the company and its investment partner had signed a definite agreement that they would pay as much as $320 million to purchase the library and production commitments from Hanna-Barbera Productions. The $320 million payment included $40 million in contingent payments to be paid over an unspecified period. It was also speculated that Turner's plan to launch a channel dedicated to using its large library is to combat Disney Channel and Nickelodeon.[12]

Turner and Apollo Investments would both contribute $50 million each in addition to burrowing $160 million in bank debt. In addition, Turner paid a further $60 million for the distribution rights, which was possible after Spelling Entertainment gave up those rights to Great American for $24 million.[12] The deal was formalized December 4.[17] Turner had plans to integrate Hanna-Barbera into various parts of its organization, which resulted in the duplication of jobs already fulfilled by Turner employees in Atlanta and New York, resulting in the firing of 115 of 457 of Hanna-Barbera's employees at their Universal City-based animation studio. David Kirschner had been promoted from Hanna-Barbera's chief executive to the president of the production division, reporting to Scott Sassa, president of Turner Entertainment.[18]

On October 6, 1992, UPI via Variety, reported that Turner planned on cutting 50-75 staffers at Hanna-Barbera on November 1, due to "farm[ing] out its post-production work to outside firms rather than modernize Hanna-Barbera's post-production equipment." Turner was also pushing Hanna-Barbera into producing the films Once Upon a Forest and The Pagemaster, as well as having a hand in Disney's film Hocus Pocus.[19] UPI reported on December 29, 1993, that Turner bought out Apollo Investment Fund's 50% percent ownership for $255 million.[20]

The Cartoon Network

On February 18, 1992, Ted Turner announced plans for a 24-hour all-cartoon network which would be launched on October 1. The basic cable television channel would be Turner's fifth, joining TBS Superstation, TNT, CNN, and CNN Headline News.[21]

The Turner-Time Warner Merger

The Washington Post reported on September 21, 1995, that Turner Broadcasting System and Time Warner agreed to a $7.5 billion merger deal, which would make them the world's largest media company. Time Warner already owned about 18% of TBS since 1987 when TBS was faltering.[22]

Filmography

1950s

Main article: 1950s

1960s

Main article: 1960s

1970s

Main article: 1970s

1980s

Main article: 1980s

1990s

Main article: 1990s

2000s

Main article: 2000s

2010s

In popular culture

  • In the Red Razors arc of the comic 2000AD, a group of Sov-Block mercenary enforcers called themselves the Spooky Doo Gang, due to owning a dog called Spooky who resembled a green Scooby-Doo. Daphne and Velma's doppelgangers are called Hannah and Barbra, in reference to William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, respectively.
  • In The Ren and Stimpy Show episode "Ren's Retirement," the worm who eats both Ren and Stimpy in the end wears an outfit similar to early Hanna-Barbera funny animal characters, namely Yogi Bear. His voice and mannerisms, however, are a parody of Fred Flintstone.
  • In the Animaniacs segment "Back in Style," Thaddeus Plotz, the CEO of Warner Bros., tries to save the company by loaning off the Warner siblings to Phil and Schmoe, parodies of Bill Hanna and Joe Barbera, who were known for making cartoons of limited animation.
  • The humans in the animated TV series Krypto the Superdog resembled the cartoonish designs of the humans used in Hanna-Barbera's cartoons such as The Flintstones and The Jetsons.
  • In the Drawn Together episode "A Tale of Two Cows," when Live Action Squirrel with Big Balls is chased off, he makes the Hanna Barbera running sound effect.
  • In the Torchwood book Slow Decay, Jack Harkness expressed his dissatisfaction with the TV film Scooby-Doo and the Reluctant Werewolf, marking it to be a low point in Hanna-Barbera's output.
  • In the American Dad! episode "Shallow Vows," Stan trips on a harp that produces the "Kabong" sound.
  • In the Aqua Teen Hunger Force episode "One Hundred," realizing that their series has reached a hundred episodes, Master Shake demands the network put his team's show in syndication. But this leads to Hundred, a monster shaped like the number 100, on the warpath. In their escape, Master Shake takes the Aqua Teen Hunger Force to a place to hide that's a parody of the Scooby-Doo series called Aqua Unit Patrol Squad with the pilot called "The Bayou Boo-Ya!," which in reality, is what actor Dana Snyder is pitching to the network. It has all the tropes and conventions one would expect, including a reference to the cheapness of the studio reusing backgrounds for characters to run in front of continuously.
  • In the Comic Book Men episode "The Clash at the Stash," a seller mentions Hanna-Barbera being part of the Underoos line.
  • In the Family Guy episode "No Country Club for Old Men," Peter tells the family he got tired of not being able to find their luggage, so he tied a "vaguely looking Hanna-Barbera character" to it. True to his word, the family sees a purple rhinoceros come out on the luggage belt, with their luggage roped around it. The rhino angrily quips, "This trip was impoceros!"
  • In the Clarence episode "Spooky Boo," the kids check out a spooky house on Halloween, which old man Howard uses as an excuse to scare the kids while wearing a sheet and making eerie sound effects commonly heard in Hanna-Barbera cartoons, particularly Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! when the kids are running away from monsters.
  • In the Regular Show episode "The Dream Warrior," Rigby and Mordecai help Pops overcome his nightmares by watching Funkie Wunky and the Groovy Gang (a parody of Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!), with the only nightmares from that show is the bad animation.
  • In the Legends of Tomorrow episode "Raiders of the Lost Art," Nate christens the main set of villains for the second season to be the Legion of Doom after a Hanna-Barbera cartoon he watched as a kid.
  • In Harley Quinn #64, Harley believes that Justice League Dark is dressed up like Mystery Incorporated because it is a DC/Hanna-Barbera event in reference to the one-shot crossovers DC Comics had been doing at the same time.
  • In the Succession episode "Kill List", Lukas Matsson interjects Roman & Kendall in their deal and ask the two if they had learnt their shady deal tactics at "Hanna-Barbera business school."

The Simpsons

  • "The Front:" Roger Meyer's Jr. notes that animators reuse backgrounds to save cost as he, Bart and Lisa pass by the same door, water cooler and cleaning lady several times. This parodies the fact that Hanna-Barbera reused their backgrounds many times.
  • "HOMЯ:" The voice actor who copies other characters' voices and celebrity voices at the animation festival references how many early Hanna-Barbera "funny animal" characters' voices were often based off popular celebrities of the time.
  • "Grampa vs. Sexual Inadequacy" and "Who Shot Mr. Burns? (Part One):" The couch gag features the family in Hanna-Barbera poses running past the couch several times.

Tiny Toon Adventures

Main article: Tiny Toon Adventures
  • "The Acme Bowl:" The Acme Loo football team lost against the Santa Ana Barbarians, a play on Hanna-Barbera, who resemble cavemen dressed in Fred Flintstone's orange loincloth.
  • "Pledge Week:" In the "It's All Relatives" segment, Babs acts and dresses like Yogi (with an authentic background to match) in the hopes that this impression is what her grandmother wants to see.

47cartoonguy's documentary series

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References

  1. ^ a b "Hanna and Barbera" Encyclopædia Britannica. Britannica.com. Retrieved November 8, 2023.
  2. ^ a b c Hanna, William, Ito, Tom (1999). A Cast of Friends. New York: Da Capo Press. 0306-80917-6. Pg. 81–83.
  3. ^ Holz, Jo (2017). Kids' TV Grows Up: The Path from Howdy Doody to SpongeBob. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. pp. 81–85, 124–126. ISBN 978-1-4766-6874-1. Retrieved November 8, 2023.
  4. ^ "William Hanna – Awards" AllMovie. Retrieved November 8, 2023.
  5. ^ a b Barbera, Joseph (February 26, 1997). "Leonard Maltin interviews Joseph Barbera". Television Academy Foundation. Retrieved February 13, 2024.
  6. ^ a b c Barrier, Michael (2003). Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1980-2079-0.
  7. ^ Rogers, Lawrence H. (2000). History of U. S. Television: A Personal Reminiscence. Bloomington. IN. USA: AuthorHouse. pg. 444-447.
  8. ^ Gary Karpinski - email interview with Hoyt Curtin, 1999. Retrieved December 9, 2023.
  9. ^ "Hanna-Barbera Building". Los Angeles Conservancy. Retrieved October 23, 2022.
  10. ^ a b Sanchez, Jesus (November 16, 1989). "Like Disney, Hanna-Barbera will diversify into theme parks and retail.". Retrieved February 21, 2024.
  11. ^ Lev, Michael (July 28, 1991). "Making a Difference; On the Block: Yogi & Co.". The New York Times. Retrieved February 21, 2024.
  12. ^ a b c Lippman, John (October 30, 1991). "Turner Is Buying Hanna-Barbera Film Library". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
  13. ^ a b c McNary, Dave (October 29, 1991). "Turner to buy Hanna-Barbera for $320 million". UPI. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
  14. ^ a b (September 3, 1991). "Great American to sell Hanna-Barbera". UPI. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
  15. ^ a b Citron, Alan, Lippman, John (July 18, 1991). "MCA in Talks to Purchase Hanna-Barbera". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
  16. ^ a b c Citron, Alan (August 31, 1991). "Turner in Negotiations to Buy Hanna-Barbera". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
  17. ^ (December 4, 1991). "Hanna-Barbera Is Now a Turner Property". The Associated Press. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
  18. ^ Lippman, John (December 7, 1991). "Turner Fires a Fourth of Hanna-Barbera Staff". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 9, 1991.
  19. ^ (October 6, 1992). "TBS may cut 75 jobs at Hanna-Barbera". UPI. Retrieved February 18, 2024.
  20. ^ .(December 29, 1993). "TBS buys remaining interest in Hanna-Barbera for $255 million". UPI. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
  21. ^ (February 19, 1992). "Ted Turner to Launch All-Cartoon Network". The Associated Press. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
  22. ^ Farhi, Paul (September 22, 1995). "Time Warner, TBS Agree on $7.5 Billion Merger". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 9, 2024.